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This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( October 2018)German culture has spanned the entire. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious. Historically, has been called Das Land der Dichter und Denker (the country of poets and thinkers).There are a number of. The country is particularly known for its traditional celebrations in, its and globally influential Christmas customs known as.
3 October has been the of Germany since 1990, celebrated as the ( Tag der Deutschen Einheit). The inscribed 38 properties in.Germany was the world's second most respected nation among 50 countries in 2013. A global opinion poll for the revealed that Germany is recognized for having the most positive influence in the world in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Main article:German literature can be traced back to the, with the most notable authors of the period being and.The, whose author remains unknown, is also an important work of the epoch, as is the. The fairy tales collections collected and published by in the 19th century became famous throughout the world.Theologian, who translated the Bible into German, is widely credited for having set the basis for the modern 'High German' language. Among the most admired German poets and authors are,.
Nine Germans have won the:, and.(1749–1832)(1759–1805)(1785–1863)(1875–1955)(1877–1962)Philosophy. PhilosopherThe rise of the modern natural sciences and the related decline of religion raised a series of questions, which recur throughout German philosophy, concerning the relationships between knowledge and faith, reason and emotion, and scientific, ethical, and artistic ways of seeing the world.have helped shape from as early as the Middle Ages. Later, (17th century) and most importantly played central roles in the. Inspired the work of and as well as defended.
And developed in the second half of the 19th century while and pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in, most notably,. The founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.In the 21st century Germany has been an important country for the development of contemporary in continental Europe, along with France, Austria, Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries. Was an influential German composer and pianistIn the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned composers of the world, including and, who marked the transition between the and eras in Western classical music. Also, Germans developed many and.Other composers of the -German tradition who achieved international fame include, and most recently, and.Germany is the largest music market in Europe, and third largest in the world.
It has exerted a strong influence on and, and pioneered. Artists such as, and have enjoyed international fame. German musicians, and particularly the pioneering bands and, have also contributed to the development of. BandGerman popular music of the 20th and 21st centuries includes the movements of (, ), (, ), /, (, ), , (, ) and (, ).
A global trendsetter is the German and scene (e.g., and ).Germany hosts many large rock every year. The festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of acts, which is called. Germany hosts some of the largest scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like and attracting up to 30,000 people. In addition, the country hosts, the biggest heavy metal open air festival in the world.Since about 1970, Germany has once again had a thriving popular culture, now increasingly led by its reinstated capital, and a self-confident music and art scene. Germany is also very well known for its many renowned, such as,.
Richard Wagner established the.One of the most famous composers of the international film business is.Cinema. Main article:German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with such as. Austrian-based director, who became a German citizen in 1926 and whose career flourished in the pre-war German film industry, is said to have been a major influence on Hollywood cinema. His silent movie (1927) is referred to as the birth of modern Science Fiction movies.Founded in 1912, the is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world.In 1930, directed, which was the first major German and it brought world fame to actress.
Impressionist documentary, directed by, is a prominent example of the city symphony genre. The produced mostly propaganda films although the work of still introduced new aesthetics to film. The near is one of Europe's large-scale film locations.During the 1970s and 1980s, directors such as, and put West German cinema back on the international stage with their often provocative films.More recently, films such as (2003), (2004), (2004), and (2008) have enjoyed international success.The went to the German production in 1979, to in 2002, and to in 2007. Among the most famous German actors are Marlene Dietrich, and.The, held annually since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals. An international jury places emphasis on representing films from all over the world and awards the winners with the Golden and Silver Bears.
The annual ceremony is held every second year in the city of Berlin, where the (EFA) is located. The in Potsdam are the oldest large-scale film studios in the world and a centre for international film production.Media. The in 2016Germany's television market is the largest in Europe, with 34,000,000 TV households.The many regional and national public broadcasters are organised in line with the federal political structure. Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, and viewers can choose from a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels. Pay-TV services have not become popular or successful while public TV broadcasters and offer a range of digital-only channels.Germany is home to some of the world's largest media conglomerates, including, the and.The German-speaking book publishers produce about 700,000,000 copies of books every year, with about 80,000 titles, nearly 60,000 of them new publications.
Germany is in third place on international statistics after the English-speaking book market and the People's Republic of China. The is considered to be the most important book fair in the world for international deals and trading and has a tradition that spans over 500 years.Many of Europe's best-selling and are produced in Germany. The papers with the highest circulation are, and, the largest magazines include,. The is a and has the largest circulation of all German papers. Architecture. Main articles: andGerman art has a long and distinguished tradition in the, from the earliest known work of figurative art to its current output of.Important German painters include, and the well-known.
The most important artists from Germany are. Further artists are the painter, the, the, or or the.Within modern day society, contemporary art is a large aspect of the culture.
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This large community draws in people from all around the world. There are around 500 galleries in Germany that caters to this modern form of art. Is a popular fair that displays contemporary art.Religion. Portrait ofThe north and east are predominantly Protestant, the south and west predominantly Catholic.
Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the former East German states. Germany was, at one point, almost in its entirety within the Roman Catholic, but was also the source of such as. During the (from about 1872 to 1886) the government opposed the Catholic church.Historically, Germany had a substantial. Only a few thousand people of Jewish origin remained in Germany after, but the German Jewish community now has about 100,000 members, many from the former. Germany also has a substantial minority, most of whom are from.German theologians include,.
Germany was also the origin of many, including, and; and of Pope.Science. Started theGermany has been the home of many famous and, such as, who is credited with the invention of in Europe;, the creator of the; and, who built the first computer. German inventors, engineers and industrialists such as, and helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology including the beginnings of space travel.The work of and was crucial to the foundation of modern, which and developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as, and, among others. Discovered, an accomplishment that earned him the first in 1901. The for 'laudable and distinguished Germans' features a number of scientists, and is located east of, in.Germany is home to some of the finest academic centers in Europe.
Some famous universities are those of Munich and Berlin, and, among many others. Moreover, the is one of the oldest universities in Europe.Fashion and Design.
A (Black Forest cake)German cuisine varies from region to region. The southern regions of and Swabia, for instance, share a culinary culture with Switzerland and Austria. Pork, beef, and poultry are the main varieties of meat consumed in Germany; pork is the most popular.
Throughout all regions, meat is often eaten in form. More than 1500 different types of sausage are produced in Germany.
Has gained a market share of around 3.0%, and this is predicted to increase further.A popular German saying has the meaning: 'Breakfast like an emperor, lunch like a king, and dine like a beggar.' Breakfast is usually a selection of breads and rolls with jam and honey or cold cuts and cheese, sometimes accompanied by a boiled egg. Or muesli with milk or yoghurt is less common but widespread.
More than 300 types of are sold in bakery shops across the country. Occasionally, more traditional and heartier Breakfasts, like the Bavarian 'Brotzeit' with, Sweet Mustard and, or the are also popular. A typical and cold meat served at private festivitiesAs a country with many immigrants, Germany has adopted many international dishes into its cuisine and daily eating habits. Dishes like and, and dishes like and, are well established, especially in bigger cities. International chains, as well as and restaurants, are widespread., and other Asian cuisines have gained popularity in recent decades.Among high-profile restaurants in Germany, the has awarded nine restaurants three stars, the highest designation, while 15 more received two stars. German restaurants have become the world's second most decorated eateries after France.Although is becoming more popular in many parts of Germany, the national alcoholic drink is. German beer consumption per person is declining but—at 116 litres annually—it is still among the highest in the world.
Beer varieties include,. Among 18 surveyed western countries, Germany ranked 14th in the list of per capita consumption of soft drinks in general, while it ranked third in the consumption of fruit juices.
Furthermore, carbonated mineral water and (its mixture with fruit juice or wine) are very popular in Germany.Gaming. Main article:Germany is filled with inventors of board games, also known as, that are played around the world.
Popular games include, which features hexagonal resource tiles that generate resources according to the roll of two dice, and with its randomly drawn square tiles that eventually make a medieval map and its notability for its. The fervor for new games continued with,. In 2008, Germany imported the popular card game from the US. Today, Germany publishes more board games than any other country per capita.The is one of the largest in the world.
The in Cologne is the world's leading gaming convention. Popular game series from Germany include, the, the, the, the,. The most relevant game developers and publishers are, and., Quake III Arena / Defrag and are leading developers of online. The is home to the football club and was a venue for theGermany is one of the leading motorsports countries in the world.
Race-winning cars, teams and drivers have come from Germany. The most successful driver in history, has set many significant motorsport records during his career, having won more and more Formula One races than any other driver since Formula One's debut season in 1950. He is one of the highest paid sportsmen in history and became a billionaire athlete. Constructors like and are among the leading manufacturers in motorsport. Additionally, has won the, a prestigious annual endurance race held in France, 16 times, and has won it 9 times.
The is a popular series in Germany.Historically, German sportsmen have been some of the most successful contenders in the, ranking third in an, combining East and West German medals. In the, Germany finished fifth in the medal count, while in the they finished first.Germany has hosted the twice, in Berlin in and in in. The took place in Germany once in when they were staged in the twin towns of and.Society.
Cultural map of the world according to the, describing Germany as high in 'Rational-Secular Values' and low in '.Germany is a modern, advanced society, shaped by a plurality of lifestyles and regional identities. The country has established a high level of, promotes, and is legally and socially tolerant towards homosexuals. Gays and lesbians can legally adopt their partner's biological children, and has been permitted since 2017.
The former Foreign minister and the former mayor of Berlin, are openly gay.During the last decade of the twentieth century, Germany's attitude towards immigrants changed. Until the mid-1990s, the opinion was widespread that Germany was not a country of immigration, even though about 20% of the population were of non-German origin. Today the government and a majority of the German society are acknowledging that immigrants from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds are part of German society and that controlled immigration should be initiated based on qualification standards.Since the, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed.
In the annual global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.With an expenditure of €67,000,000,000 on international travel in 2008, Germans spent more money on travel than any other country.
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The most visited destinations were,. Gallery.
Toma Haines has arguably one of the best jobs in the world: She is paid to shop. As founder of The Antiques Diva in Berlin, she escorts tourists to flea markets and antique shops all over Europe to find the best gems. Business is going well, and Haines is planning to expand and write a book about the hidden places to shop.How’d she get her start?Haines grew up in Oklahoma and caught the travel bug while on a college study-abroad trip to London.
In 1999, she and her husband relocated to Paris, then Amsterdam and finally settled on Berlin in 2009. Without a work permit, Haines resorted to a life of shopping, soon becoming an expert.
She started writing a how-to shopping book, but when the publisher broke off the deal in 2008, she launched a related blog instead.“Within three weeks of starting my blog, I had people asking me to take them on tours,” says Haines. And with that, was born.Of course it wasn’t that simple. Haines didn’t have any German business knowledge, so before launching, she turned to the. It is there that she met Jill DiGiovanni, another expat entrepreneur. “Jill told me that before I launched my business I needed a good attorney and a good accountant and helped me find both,” says Haines. Since joining the Women’s Club, she’s made valuable business connections through, an online community, and the German American Chambers of Commerce.Across town, DiGiovanni, a native of Canada, also has a business as founder and owner of, a company that provides private catering services and cooking classes. She started her company in 2010 and, like Haines, is experiencing success—but not before she had to overcome her own set of challenges.“The ovens and refrigerators are a lot smaller here and markets aren’t open as late,” she says, with a laugh.
“But really, I think most of the challenges have been logistical and cultural.”The logisticsThere is a tremendous amount of bureaucracy in setting up a business in Germany, says Melissa Lamson, founder of Redwood City, Calif.-based, a cross-cultural communications firm focused on German-American relations. “Here in the U.S., it takes 10 seconds to register your business on the Internet, and you can become incorporated in 90 seconds,” she says. “Things are a lot different in Germany.”DiGiovanni found this out first hand. Even though she had an accountant and lawyer working for her, it took about eight months to get her tax identification number from the government. “Nothing gets under the radar in Germany; if I didn’t register legally, I would have been open to deportation,” she says.Haines also sought the help of an attorney when registering her business in Germany. The process includes applying for a business license, registering your business and applying for a legal company name, says Lamson.
If you are self-employed, your business name must have your personal name in the title for it not to be confusing to the government come tax time.However, Angelika C. Geiger, director of Germany Trade & Invest in San Francisco, disagrees with Lamson and DiGiovanni, saying there isn’t much bureaucracy in the country. “I don’t think that at all,” she says. “We are here to help move things along and can connect entrepreneurs with the right people. I don’t recommend doing everything by yourself.”Bureaucracy or no bureaucracy, things are changing for the better. According to Kenneth W.
Bremer, director of Germany Trade & Invest in Chicago, the German government is making it easier than ever before to start a company.“Since 2008, if you are starting a mini-GmbH (Germany’s version of an LLC), you can set it up with just €1,” he says, adding that is a trade and investment organization run by the German government that provides free services to foreign entrepreneurs. “It used to cost €25,000 right out the gate, which was a difficult amount of money for new entrepreneurs to come up with.”The government still wants the full €25,000, but now they are willing to accept it in increments. Bremer says that in an entrepreneur’s first few years in business, they are required to contribute a quarter of annual profits to the government until they hit €25,000. “It’s nice now that they don’t have to come up with that money right away,” he notes.As for employees, both DiGiovanni and Haines use independent contractors. “I registered my business as a sole proprietorship, but I knew I needed to expand, so I’ve hired freelancers that work as guides for me,” Haines says. “It’s worked out well that way.”If you do decide to hire full-time employees, there are hoops you need to jump through, says DiGiovanni.
“There are a lot of regulations for hiring people; you have to be responsible for several expenses,” she notes. “Because of that, I use contractors on a part-time basis.”The entrepreneurial climateGermany is a country built on small businesses, says Mark Tomkins, vice president for the in Chicago. “There are 3.72 million companies in Germany, and 99.5 percent of them are small to mid-size businesses,” he says. “Specifically, Germany is focused on the small to mid-size family business. They don’t have the U.S. Entrepreneur’s dream of selling quickly; instead, their dream is to build a company for their family for generations.”Germans are somewhat welcoming to foreign-born entrepreneurs, but unlike in the U.S., where new ideas are met with unending excitement, the climate is a bit different on the other side of the Atlantic. Bremer explains that Germans, by nature, are more conservative and risk adverse.
This comes from generations of residents working inside.This cultural difference can make it difficult for U.S. Entrepreneurs to in Germany.
“More businesses are financed by banks in Germany, not necessarily by venture capitalists like they are here, and it can be difficult to convince a bank to finance a new venture,” Bremer adds.Thankfully, things are changing, especially with the younger generation. In fact, a startup boon may be on the horizon in Germany. Bremer says that around 100,000 family businesses will be facing successors by 2014, and many young businesspersons are not overly eager to take the reins of family businesses. Bremer says he doesn’t know what the future will hold, but it may be safe to say that things will be changing soon in the country’s business climate.Gender discrepancyGermany’s business culture is largely male-dominated. In fact, as Tomkins explains, about 80 percent of the country’s CEOs are male. “Germany is working hard to encourage more women to be involved at the board level and management level,” he says.The topic has spurred national discussion in the last few months. So much so that a quota of female participation on corporate boards is being considered, Tomkins says.
“Politicians aren’t sure if that quota will guarantee diversity, but we are hoping,” he adds.Lamson experienced Germany’s male-dominated business culture when, at 28 years old, she opened a consulting practice in the Central European country. “As a young, I got a lot of ‘OK, little girl, what are you trying to do here?’ They weren’t trying to be nasty, it just took them time to trust me and for me to establish credibility,” she says.It’s no surprise that startup numbers reflect the culture. Of entrepreneurs ages 18 to 24, only 23 percent are women, Tomkins says, and adds that he hopes it changes over time. “There is a lot of social support for women who want to be entrepreneurs,” he says. “Anecdotally, I can tell you that many fathers are open to staying at home so that mothers can work, which I think is a bit different than here in the U.S.”Economic outlookCompared with the rest of Europe, Germany is probably the best country to do business in thanks to its robust economy. Last year the economy grew 3 percent, says Bremer, and in January 2012, unemployment was sitting at an impressive 6.7 percent.How is this possible when the rest of Europe’s economic structure has been crumbling?“Germans do a great job at managing a budget,” he says. “They simply don’t spend more money than they earn.”Bremer says Germany welcomes foreign-born entrepreneurs as long as the services and products are of high quality and can benefit the country’s economy.
As for industry, he quotes a U.S. Department of Commerce report that cites promising entrepreneurial industries in Germany, such as management consulting, pharmaceutical, auto parts and services and computer software.“I also think renewable energies are a place of possible opportunity for entrepreneurs,” he says.Communication differencesBack in Berlin, DiGiovanni says she enjoys working with German clients, largely because they are straight shooters.
She says there is an interaction protocol and her clients never deviate. “Everything is always in order, there is always a process; I like that, it helps me know what to expect,” she adds.Unlike here in the U.S. Where informal (i.e. Using a person’s first name) is somewhat normal, Germans exhibit formal communication and expect expats to do the same. Always address someone as Mr. (never by their first name unless they instruct you to do so), advises DiGiovanni.“People are just much more formal here; I don’t recommend addressing someone by their first name the first time you meet them,” she says.Another difference: German businesspersons exhibit a 'sellers market mentality,' says Haines. When talking with antique dealers for her company, she finds that they don’t often bend over backwards to make a sale.
Instead, they are content to wait for the right customer or the right fit. “The customer is not always right in Germany,” she says. “Businesspeople expect customers to adhere to their rules, and they aren’t heartbroken if they don’t sell something.”However, Lamson says, while it can take a lot of time to secure a customer, once you land them, they are yours for life. Customer loyalty is definitely a bonus of doing business in Germany.
Both Haines and DiGiovanni report having repeat customers.Beware of how you greet those customers, however. Coming from Oklahoma, Haines was surprised the first time she addressed someone on the street by saying, How are you? 'They really tell you how they are,' she says. 'It isn’t just a greeting here.' While she finds Germans to be friendly, it took some time to get used to their mode of communication.
“If you ask someone if they know what time it is, they will probably just say 'yes' instead of giving you the time,” she says. “It takes them a little while to warm up.”E-mail etiquette also varies in Germany. American workers are largely expected to work more than 40 hours per week and answer e-mails from clients on weekends, but in Germany this practice is not acceptable. “If you answer e-mails too quickly or on off-hours, you are seen as not being good at time management,” says Lamson. “I recommend waiting after meeting someone at a networking event to follow up with an e-mail. It’s like dating; you can’t sound too desperate.
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I recommend waiting from three days to a week to touch base.”Startup adviceThanks to a strong economy there, Lamson says that now is a great time to start a business in Germany. She urges small-business owners to set up shop in the country, but just to make sure they know the language first, especially if you will be living in the countryside.DiGiovanni adds, “Network, network, network. Talk to people and know the laws. Also, be open-minded and have fun with it. Know that things won’t happen as fast as you want them to, so try to be patient.”Haines also advises all entrepreneurs to hire an attorney as soon as possible and not to worry if you don’t speak the language. She says, “As long as you live in a big city, you will be just fine.”Photo credit: Thinkstock.